travel in russia safety
Safety has always been a major problem of mankind in all spheres of activity. A person from the moment of its birth exposed the dangers of changing the natural, technological, human, biological, social and environmental issues.
Tourism development is carried out in a certain natural and social environment, which has a decisive influence on its results. This effect is not always favorable. The physical and social character must be taken into account the subjects of the tourism industry, which should minimize and prevent a variety of security threats of the tourist activity.
The very concept of security is defined as a state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and state from internal and external threats. Under the vital interests means the totality of needs that reliably ensures the existence and the possibility of progressive development of the individual, society and state.
Safety of tourist trips include personal safety of tourists, the preservation of their property, as well as the avoidance of damage to the environment while traveling.
Tour operators and travel agents are required to provide all the detailed information to tourists, medico-sanitary regulations. These requirements must necessarily be reported to the customer before the trip.
In this paper we consider control risks that travelers may encounter while traveling, pay attention to all possible measures to ensure the security of our customers. We define the basic requirements to achieve the required quality of customer service.
The aim of this work - to examine security in tourism.
The objectives of this work:
1) examine the general safety requirements;
2) to find out who and how to monitor the implementation of safety requirements;
3) to review the security measures of tourism;
4) show how the state regulates the tourist activities;
5) to explore ways to improve the security of tourism;
6) to consider some of the psychological aspects of tourism security.
The object of this work - safety in tourism.
The object of this work - general requirements, measures and methods of security in tourism.
A. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TOURISM Excursions
1.1 General requirements for safety
In the provision of tourism services should be provided with an acceptable level of risk to life and health of tourists, both under normal conditions and in emergency situations (natural disasters, fires, etc.) occurring in the country of travel.
The risk to human life and health in the tourist-excursion services occurs in:
cuschestvovaniya sources of risk;
manifestations of this source at a dangerous level for humans;
human exposure to hazards.
Adverse factors (risk factors) in tourism can be classified as follows:
traumatic;
the impact of the environment;
fire hazards;
biological effects;
physiological stress;
danger of radiation;
chemical exposure;
Increased dust and gas;
other factors;
specific risk factors.
Traumatic it may be a result of moving machinery, objects and bodies, due to difficult terrain, the movement of rocks (rock falls, mudflows, avalanches), adverse ergonomic features used by tourist equipment and inventory, involving an injury (a strong sports shoes, bad design of mounting skiing, narrow straps and backpacks., etc.), hazardous weather conditions (static electricity, lightning, hail, etc.).
Reducing travmoopasnostn provided by:
safety devices and guards when using mobile machinery, goods, hazardous locations areas (lifts, chair lifts, talus areas in the mountains, ponds, ski slopes, etc.);
use of personal protective equipment (safety-ropes, studs at the intersection of complex areas of tourist route, head helmets, ice axes, hooks and other safety equipment);
compliance with the ergonomic requirements for camping equipment and inventory;
compliance with the requirements of building codes for residential and public buildings and the requirements of relevant regulations to the technical condition of vehicles used to transport tourists (tour buses, boats, passenger trains, etc.);
compliance with operating rules to use tools and equipment (elevators, lifts, carts and other things), ensuring its safe operation;
proactively informing tourists about the risk factors, measures to prevent injuries and to adopt emergency measures in case of injury.
The impact of the environment caused by high or low ambient temperatures, humidity, and air mobility in the area of tourist services, rapid changes in barometric pressure.
Indicators of indoor climate tourist services (in sleeping rooms and club rooms, indoor food cafes, bars and restaurants, and others), as well as in vehicles shall comply with the sanitary requirements (GOST 12.1.005-88. "System Standards safety. General hygiene requirements for working zone air ").
Preventing the harmful effects of this risk factor is provided by:
choice of a favorable time of year, day for tourist activities;
rational design of highway tourist route;
taking into account the weather for the district;
construction on the hiking trails shelter from the weather;
premises equipment and vehicles air conditioning and ventilation devices, deodorization of air, heating, automatic control and alarm systems;
provision of appropriate equipment tourists, including personal protective equipment;
timely informing tourists about the actual and projected conditions on the route (including climatic conditions).
Fire
Nomenclature and performance requirements to ensure the safety of tourists from the effects of risk factors and methods of testing carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.004-91 "Occupational safety standards system. Fire Safety. General requirements."
Operation of facilities maintenance should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of fire safety and other mandated regulations.
Biological factors (pathogens and their metabolic products, microorganisms, and poisonous plants, reptiles, insects and animals that are carriers of infectious diseases, causing burns, allergic reactions and other toxic).
The impact of these risk factors on tourists warned:
compliance with established health care standards and regulations;
use of equipment and products for disinfection, sterilization, rodent control;
use of safety signs and markings required on items of equipment and facilities used in the service of tourists (dishes, kitchen utensils, including cooking in the field, water intake sites, wells, etc.);
conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations staff, necessary vaccinations and disinfecting processing equipment according to international medical standards;
proactively informing tourists about dangerous animals, fish, reptiles, plants, areas of distribution coincide with the tourist route, how to avoid unwanted contact, and what emergency measures should be taken in case of injury (contact).
Physiological risk factors.
Exclusion or reduction of the impact of psycho-physiological risk factors (physical and neuro-psychological overload) is achieved by:
rational construction of tourist service programs, graphs, moving along the routes, providing sufficient conditions for a normal human life (sleeping, eating, meeting sanitary and household needs);
taking into account the psycho-physiological characteristics of tourists during the formation of the tourist group;
compliance with the ergonomic requirements for used camping equipment and inventory, vehicles and furniture.
Hazardous emissions are increased levels of ultraviolet radiation and radiological.
Warning of danger of ultraviolet radiation on tourist routes provided by:
informing tourists about the impact of ultraviolet radiation on human health;
use of personal protective equipment (protective masks, creams, clothing that covers the body, arms, legs, tourists, sunglasses).
This action is necessary to consider the risk factor when planning the timetable for the route (on the open, unshaded areas of the route in the mountains, water, skiing and other trips).
Hiking trails are allowed to lay and operate only in areas with favorable characteristics of Radiological Health.
Chemical hazards (toxic, irritant).
To prevent the action of these risk factors in service to tourists:
Regular monitoring of harmful chemicals in air, water, soil, food and other biological fluids;
to carry out the construction and placement of objects to serve tourists in a supportive, in terms of the chemical hazards, environment;
drugs used for disinfection in strict accordance with the instructions for use, eliminating the possibility of contact with tourists these funds.
Increased dust and gas
The permissible levels of harmful substances in air travel service areas, facilities, vehicles must be no higher than the established general hygiene requirements for working zone air, and other sanitary standards and regulations. Security is provided subject to the requirements for equipping the premises, vehicle ventilation with clean air.
Other risk factors for
For other risk factors include risks associated with lack of information about the service and its nominal (projected) characteristics.
Must include the following:
provide sufficient information to tourists about ongoing tourist services in accordance with the requirements established by the current standard documentation (requirements for the content of a leaflet to a tourist voucher, travel routing, routing tours, as well as information about the main characteristics of these services, conditions of service);
conduct the necessary briefings to tourists for security-specific type of tourist route.
Specific risk factors in tourism due to:
possibility of natural and man-made disasters in the area of tourist accommodation enterprises or route, and other emergencies (including those related to the state of public order in the service area tourists);
technical state of objects used (tourist hotels, bases, camps, cable cars and ski lifts, hiking trails, including mountain hiking, skiing, ski, water, riding and pack animals, a variety of vehicles, including bicycles, small size and rowing boats);
complex terrain (river rapids, mountain slopes, moraines, rock, ice roads and tourist sites, etc.);
level of professional training staff (trainers, tour guides, tour guides, etc.);
preparation of tourists to the movement on the route of certain types and categories of (coaching, equipment and other);
Information security (meteorological forecasts; marked hiking trails; foci occurring natural disasters, changes in entomological, ornithological and other situations).
Tourist company must have a set of existing regulations to ensure the safety of tourists and guide them in their activities. Travel Agencies in Saint-Petersburg, caring about the safety of their customers can rely on the services of a professional bodyguard.
Camping equipment and tools used in servicing tourists must comply with the requirements established by the current standard documentation for these types of equipment.
Each tourist enterprise must be developed and approved plans for personnel in emergency situations (natural disasters, fires, etc.), including interaction with local authorities involved in the rescue work.
The head of the tourist enterprise is responsible for the preparedness of staff to act in emergency situations (natural disasters, hostage taking, etc.). Guides teams should be trained and physically prepared for the role of guardian (neutralization of pickpockets, conflict resolution in a bar or restaurant, tour groups from the protection racketeers and beggars, etc.).
Safety requirements for service for specific types of tourist services are set to the appropriate regulatory documentation services: the state standards, rules, statutes, codes and other.
Tourism enterprises are obliged to familiarize tourists with the elements of risk of each specific tourist services and measures to prevent it.
Information required for the tourists in order to protect their life and health shall be provided in advance of the start of the holiday and during the service.
The information provides security of life and health visitors in the process of service provided in accordance with the current regulatory documents.
1.2 Monitoring the implementation of safety requirements
Control over compliance with requirements provide the safety of tourists, governments exercising control over the security in accordance with their competence (the Federation of the security services and security companies, the Ministry of Interior).
Monitoring is carried out early in the season when checking availability of tourist enterprises and the route to exploitation, as well as during the current audit.
Current testing to ensure the safety of tourists conducted in accordance with plans and schedules of technical examinations (tests) of buildings, structures, vehicles, beaches and bathing places, tourist equipment and inventory. issued by the tourists rolled items, check the cooking, the terms and conditions of storage and transportation of food, travel checks ready to be released in campaigns.
Safety monitoring of tourist service by using the following methods:
visually (by inspection of the facilities: the territory, which forms the tourist trail hike, turiskogo equipment and inventory, etc.);
with the use of measurement (quality control of water, air, etc., the technical condition of the road, lifting equipment, transport means., etc.);
case studies (by the survey of tourists and staff);
analytical (analyzing the content of the documentation: passport route; Medical Journal survey of tourists coming to the route and other documents).
1.3 Safety of tourism
Talking about the security of tourism, it should be emphasized that this is a broad, complex and multifaceted concept. First, we can simplify the security of tourism and present them to the primitive, as the protection of tourist facilities or the non-stop "Watchmen" in hotels. On the latter point of view insists that a great many companies with prefixes "security guard". These firms believe that the head of tourism safety is the possibility of attaching to every tourist with a shaved neck guard, using as bait lists of bars, restaurants, vacation spots in Moscow, which supposedly safe and "risky" lists, where it is best to go with protection and so on.
The idea of "support" tourist security guards from the airport to the airport, not only do not help tourism, but also cause irreparable harm to him, Who in these circumstances would go to such a country? Lacking only the argument that tourists will enjoy the sights through the cracks and armored tanks.
Safety of tourism should be based on a carefully thought out, targeted and comprehensive system of measures to create conditions under which any incident with tourists certainly could not have happened. Safety of tourism can be divided into several levels, starting with the security of accommodation and transport, accommodation and recreational facilities, tourist centers, as well as a whole.
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